Dumb down the basics of what wouuld happen

Can someone please dumb down the basics of what would happen if North Kora(or anyone) were to launch a nuclear weapon at the mainland USA(assume they are 30 kilotonne bombs)?

If the bomb is detonated on the ground how large is the blast area? How big is the area affected by radiation from the explosion itself and how big is the area of the fallout. If I am 20 miles away downwind from the site what can I expect, what about 100 or 1000 miles away?

Then all the same questions for a bomb detonated in the air.

Assuming the best shelter we have is a brick room(with wooden roof) in the center of a cement basement. If we are 100 miles from the nearest explosion is that adequate protection? If so how long do we have to stay in there before moving the larger part of the basement?

I realize some of these questions may be stupid but do your best to help me understand.

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Dumb down the basics of what wouuld happen