Bullet Proof Walls? On a Budget?

Dirt works, as does anything more dense such as concrete, metal, etc...

Dirt can be cheap, even free, but you'll have to account for the weight inside the walls. Moisture and anything biological in the soil is also a concern. Best if you use 2x6 construction on a 12 center. It adds tons your house weight on footing/foundation.

Crushed stone is better, but expensive. You could pack your walls with books/phonebooks, but that's going to be hard to do.
Basically anything you use that adds mass, i.e. resistance to the bullets, will help.

Theoretically, adding a multiple layer approach to the problem is better. Maybe concrete siding, an extra layer or two of OSB in the spaces between struts, some sort of powdered fill between the OSB boards... It's going to get expensive and heavy.

Realistically, I'd concentrate on having a bullet resistant space in your house, as no building with windows and doors will ever really be "bullet proof." Not in a budget anyone here can pretend to have, at least.
You mentioned a basement where you have some of it built into a hill. Perfect. Create a safe room there. Have one or two walls be the soil, and use concrete blocks (I'd suggest rebar/concrete filled) to build out the room.
As solid a door as you can imagine (solid steel on a barn door track sounds doable) and you're about as far along as anyone could hope to be.
Think of it as building a tornado shelter, might even get a break on your insurance if you classify it as one...

Good luck!

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Bullet Proof Walls? On a Budget?