Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue's First Hijab-Wearing Model
lundi 29 avril 2019
Safe Water Theory (v2)
It's time to update it and start fresh. You can peruse the old one if you like:
https://www.survivalistboards.com/sh...d.php?t=392651
Let me start off with a few key points:
* This is a theory discussion thread, not a gear discussion thread.
* This thread does not cover distillation.
* Your urge to talk about those first two points doesn't negate the fact this isn't the place for them. Find somewhere else.
* I'm here to help but if I think you are feeling that I'm your obligated research monkey then I'll disabuse you of that notion.
The point of this thread is to bring your knowledge base beyond gear. I see lots of folks here talking about what filters, gadgets, and chemicals to use for make drinking water after SHTF or just for wilderness use. The problem I see most often is their focus on the parts instead of the process. When someone suggests some other part or idea many readers get stuck back at zero again unsure how this would affect their planning. But once you understand the process then all your options begin to start making more sense.
Safe Water = Sediment Removal > Biological Remediation > Toxin Removal.
If you understand that process then all you have to do when you see new chemicals, filters, or gadgets is figure how each works and where they fit into the process above. In theory the last two can be switched around but for practical reasons it is better to do toxin removal last as those components tend to have the shortest volume lifespan so the cleaner the water is the longer the toxin filter will last.
The equation explained:
Safe Water is not perfect water. Only labs make perfect water. Instead it means where the risk factors are so low that a moderately healthy or mildly sick person can feel safe drinking it. It need not be crystal clear. It's not sterile, pyrogen free, injectable, triple distilled, or any other term you might see out there. It just means almost everyone can drink it without worry.
Sediment Removal is taking the bulk of the solids out. Solids interfere with the next two processes, making them harder and shortening the lifespan of filter media.
Biological Remediation is removing dangerous lifeforms from the water. There are two levels of this. First is removal of bacteria, cysts, protozoa, algae, and other microflora. The second level is removing viruses. The removal of viruses is only for regions where virus present a realistic threat. Most temperate areas, especially in 1st World nations, have negligible viral water threats. Hot tropical and cold tundra areas do pose special viral risks.
Toxin Removal is dealing with non-living threats in the water. Mycotoxins from the metabolism of living creatures, soluted metals, arsenic, hydrocarbon and other solvent waste, cleaning agents, fungicides, herbicides, pesticides, fertilizers, acid rain, mining runoff, industrial waste, and post consumer runoff all exist out there. The more industrialized and urban an area is the more likely the risk is. Rural areas are not much safer as farms offer their owns risks. Almost every place is downstream from somewhere and anything upstream or up elevation flows down. Acid rain will fall even at very high and population free areas. Even where no man exits there is risk simply from the earth. Naturally occurring metal deposits and arsenic are found all over. Remember that every man created toxin was once something man grew or pulled out of the earth. Your risk for toxins is lowest in wilderness settings of 3rd World tropical nations.
Now let's cover what you can use for each of the three steps.
Sediment Removal
Sand: Preferably clean boiled sand. Play sand is a good choice. Used inline.
Flocculation: Using an agent to clump or flake the sediment so it floats or sinks to the bottom. Used in batch method.
Spun filters: Artificial fibers spun into a cone or cylinder. Used inline.
Filter cloths: Expedient method using cloth or fabric mesh like pantyhose. Used inline.
Paper cloths: Expedient method using strong paper, like a coffee filter. Used inline.
Tight weave wire or nylon mesh: A stainless steel or nylon weave of around 100 mesh fibers per inch grade. Used inline.
Biological Decon
Boiling: Rolling boil for 1+ minutes at sea level.
Ozone: Typically found at pool stores as a generator.
Potassium permanganate: 2.5mg/liter, but will not kill viruses at safe drinking amounts.
Miox: Currently off market but some still available on Amazon and eBay.
Silver: Usually as part of an existing filter. No official guidelines for colloidal mixtures.
Xylem: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24587134
Alcohol: ethanol only. Difficult as you need about 20% ethanol (40proof), but 3 parts water to 1 part red wine will work due the phenols.
SODIS: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_water_disinfection
Iodine: Potable Aqua, Lugol's solution, tincture of iodine 2%.
UV: Steripen, Puritest, UV mercury vapor bulb, Watts, many other brands.
Chlorine: sodium hypochlorite (household bleach), calcium hypochlorite (pool shock), chloride dioxide (tablets).
Sub-micron filtration: .1 micron for everything excepts viruses, .02 micron for viruses.
Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium...roisocyanurate
Toxin Decon
Membranes: Inline reverse osmosis cartridges.
Activated carbon (charcoal): Good for most organic and some inorganic toxins. Not good for arsenic, fluoride, or heavy metals.
Bone char: Better than activated carbon on arsenic, fluoride, and heavy metals. Good for other toxins, but not as good as AC.
Activated alumina: Good for arsenic and fluoride. Not so very healthy itself though.
Zeolite: Good for metals and ammonia compounds; Mediocre for other organic toxins.
Ozone: Good for mycotoxins created by algae and fungi.
Tight packed cilantro/parsley: http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pr...ing-water.html ; http://www.medicaldaily.com/cilantro...perties-256714 ; http://www.greenprophet.com/2013/09/...on-properties/ ; http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases...0912104814.htm
Banana peels: Dehydrated and power homemade media; https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/p...-purifier.html ; http://www.mindthesciencegap.org/201...eeling-option/ ; http://www.survivalcampingstore.com/...-water-filters
Nopal (prickly pear) cactus: https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_rep...ion/cactus.jsp ; https://phys.org/news/2010-04-common-cactus.html
Please note that BBQ or fire charcoal are not good for detox. AC and GAC work on the principle of adsorption, which requires extreme surface area. A 55 gallon drum of fresh fire charcoal is less effective than a small handful of GAC. Carbon for toxin filtration isn't a realistic DIY option. By the time you chopped down several cords of wood you will have sweated more water than you would get back from the fire charcoal filtered water. All the trees on your lot won't help without the industrial processes needed to do this right.
Safe Water Theory (v2)
mercredi 10 avril 2019
Public pensions systems still "in trouble"
http://www.msn.com/en-us/money/marke...7Ia?ocid=ientp
Some highlights from the article:
There is a simple reason why pensions are in such rough shape: The amount owed to retirees is accelerating faster than assets on hand to pay those future obligations. Liabilities of major U.S. public pensions are up 64% since 2007 while assets are up 30%, according to the most recent data from Boston College’s Center for Retirement Research.
Here is how it got that way:
Public pension funds have to pay benefits—their liabilities. They hold assets, which grow or shrink through a combination of investment gains or losses and contributions from employers and workers. Those assets generally rose faster than liabilities for five decades starting in the 1950s because government was expanding and the number of retirees was smaller.
In the 1980s and 1990s, double-digit stock and bond returns convinced governments they could afford widespread benefit increases.
There have been efforts to address the problem. But as the article says, it hasn't been easy:
Many states and cities reduced benefits for new employees after 2008. But deeper cuts often met resistance from judges, unions and angry constituents—even in some of the most indebted states.
The Illinois Supreme Court in 2015 threw out cuts by the legislature that were expected to save tens of billions of dollars. Kentucky’s legislature last year declined to approve the governor’s proposed cuts to cost-of-living increases for retired teachers after protests brought thousands to the state capitol and forced cancellations of classes in several school districts.
My conclusion after reading all this? For years the entire public/government pension system has been far too generous.
Like allowing people to retire at 55. Or even earlier.
Thoughts? Opinions?
Public pensions systems still "in trouble"
Annoying Pop-up Video
Quote:
|
Originally Posted by Eddie_T
 I am experiencing a very annoying pop-up video on the lower right corner of my screen. I haven't watched it through to see who is responsible, I should so I can be sure to boycott the product. I don't know if it appears on all threads or not. |
Annoying Pop-up Video
It starts with the Reparations Study Committee...
this is a crock to try to get elected. booker knows perfectly well this will go no where. no one alive today is entitled to get reparations. we should stop this kind of nonsense that we are paying for. booker thinks blacks are stupid enough to believe this...
It starts with the Reparations Study Committee...
urban snipers
They have the initial advantage unless you creep upon everything with a sharp eye and a good pair of binoculars!
Being camouflaged with your surroundings helps immensely......that doesn't necessarily mean wearing camo.....
You'll either need to spot him first or wait until he takes a shot
Got bait?
urban snipers
Could You Garden Successfully in Venezuela's Conditions?
That's why I survival garden for the most part like I'm in a grid down existence.
https://growingfromscratch.com/2019/...la-nightmares/
"Can you imagine living in Venezuela right now?
More importantly….. have you ever imagined living like that? Have you ever seriously stopped to think about the ramifications of an economic collapse? Your money is virtually worthless. Wide ranging power blackouts, almost no food, eating pets and whatever stray animals can be obtained. They are essentially in a grid down existence, the very type of which I write about here. Recent online articles featured dramatic headlines such as “Venezuelans Return To Middle ages”. I’ve always viewed the scenario of a power grid catastrophe as returning us to the 1800’s rather than a time of peasantry. Give or take a few hundred years, the dire meaning is the same.
For their city dwellers, it must be a living hell. But I wonder how the rural folk are doing? Not the bigger farm operations. They are surely suffering. But what of the common ......"
Blackout in Caracas ... the real deal. The garden center is closed.
Could You Garden Successfully in Venezuela's Conditions?
Inscription à :
Articles (Atom)